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These cells were cloned by limiting dilution in soft agar, propagated and tested for sensitively to mitoxantrone.

The clone, designated MES-SA/MX2, was approximately 975 fold less sensitive to mitoxantrone than the parental cells.

The cells display features of both classic multidrug resistance (MDR), P-glycoprotein overexpression and atypical MDR, altered topoisomerase II catalytic activity.

1. Remove culture medium to a centrifuge tube.
2. Briefly rinse the cell layer with 0.25% (w/v) Trypsin-0.53mM EDTA solution to remove all traces of serum which contains trypsin inhibitor.
3. Add 2.0 to 3.0 mL of Trypsin-EDTA solution to flask and observe cells under an inverted microscope until cell layer is dispersed (usually with 5 to 15 minutes).
   Note: To avoid clumping do not agitate the cells by hitting or shaking the flask while waiting for the cells to detach. Cells that are difficult to detach may be placed at 37°C to facilitate dispersal.
4. Add 6.0 to 8.0 mL of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting.
5. To remove trypsin-EDTA solution, transfer cell suspension to the centrifuge tube with the medium and cells from step #1 and spin at approximately 125 x g for 5 to 10 minutes.
6. Discard supernatant and resuspend cells in fresh growth medium. Add appropriate aliquots of cell suspension to new culture vessels.
7. Place culture vessels in incubators at 37°C.

Subcultivation Ratio: A subcultivation ratio of 1:4 to 1:6 is recommended
Medium Renewal: Every 2 to 3 days

Note: For more information on enzymatic dissociation and subculturing of cell lines consult Chapter 10 in Culture of Animal Cells, a manual of Basic Technique by R. Ian Freshney, 3rd edition, published by Alan R. Liss, N.Y., 1994.

Harker WG, et al. Development and characterization of a human sarcoma cell line, MES-SA, sensitive to multiple drugs. Cancer Res. 43: 4943-4950, 1983. PubMed: 6883344

Harker WG, Sikic BI. Multidrug (pleiotropic) resistance in doxorubicin-selected variants of the human sarcoma cell line MES-SA. Cancer Res. 45: 4091-4096, 1985. PubMed: 4028002

Hay, R. J., Caputo, J. L., and Macy, M. L., Eds. (1992), ATCC Quality Control Methods for Cell Lines. 2nd edition, Published by ATCC.

Caputo, J. L., Biosafety procedures in cell culture. J. Tissue Culture Methods 11:223-227, 1988.

Fleming, D.O., Richardson, J. H., Tulis, J.J. and Vesley, D., (1995) Laboratory Safety: Principles and Practice. Second edition, ASM press, Washington, DC.