Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.

Pfeifer AM, et al. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5123-5127, 1993. PubMed: 7685115 
Pfeifer AM, et al. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5123-5127, 1993. PubMed: 7685115
Pfeifer AM, et al. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5123-5127, 1993. PubMed: 7685115The virus was generated by introducing a retroviral vector containing the of Bgl I-Hpa I fragment of SV40 T antigen into the amphotropic packaging cell line PA317.
THLE-2 and THLE-3 cells express phenotypic characteristics of normal adult liver epithelial cells. They are nontumorigenic when injected into athymic nude mice, have near-diploid karyotypes, and do not express alpha-fetoprotein.
Other enzymes involved in metabolism of chemical carcinogens, such as epoxide hydrolase, NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferases, and glutathione peroxidase are also retained by THLE cells.
A culture submitted to the ATCC in January of 1993 was found to be contaminated with mycoplasma. Progeny were cured by a 21-day treatment with mycoplasma removal agent (MRA).
The cells were assayed for mycoplasma, by the Hoechst stain, PCR and the standard culture test, after a six-week period following treatment. All tests were negative.
Volumes used in this protocol are for 75 cm2 flask; proportionally reduce or increase amount of dissociation medium for culture vessels of other sizes.
The flasks used should be precoated with a mixture of 0.01 mg/ml fibronectin, 0.03 mg/ml bovine collagen type I and 0.01 mg/ml bovine serum albumin dissolved in BEBM medium.
Harris CC, et al. Human liver epithelial cells. US Patent 5,759,765 dated Jun 2 1998
Pfeifer AM, et al. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5123-5127, 1993. PubMed: 7685115
Pfeifer AM, et al. Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5123-5127, 1993. PubMed: 7685115
