Biosafety classification is based on U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines, it is the responsibility of the customer to ensure that their facilities comply with biosafety regulations for their own country.
The cells do not produce functional macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) due to an osteopetrotic mutation in the gene encoding M-CSF. The presence of M-CSF had inhibitory effects on the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells to blood cells other than macrophages.
Note: Cell density is important. If the subculture ratio is too low, the culture will not reach confluence. However, do not overgrow. Very large cells tend to appear after overgrowth and these cells are a warning sign that the OP9 cells will not support the maintenance of hematopoietic cells. Subculture just before confluence.
Nakano T, et al. Generation of lymphohematopoietic cells from embryonic stem cells in culture. Science 265: 1098-1101, 1994. PubMed: 8066449
Nakano T, et al. In vitro development of primitive and definitive erythrocytes from different precursors. Science 272: 722-724, 1996. PubMed: 8614833
Nakano T. Lymphohematopoietic development from embryonic stem cells in vitro. Semin. Immunol. 7: 197-203, 1995. PubMed: 7579206
Motoyama N, et al. bcl-x prevents apoptotic cell death of both primitive and definitive erythrocytes at the end of maturation. J. Exp. Med. 189: 1691-1698, 1999. PubMed: 10359572
Nakano T. In vitro development of hematopoietic system from mouse embryonic stem cells: a new approach for embryonic hematopoiesis. Int. J. Hematol. 65: 1-8, 1996. PubMed: 8990620
Nakano T, et al. Development of erythroid cells from mouse embryonic stem cells in culture: potential use for erythroid transcription factor study. Leukemia 3: 496-500, 1997. PubMed: 9209437
Suwabe N, et al. GATA-1 regulates growth and differentiation of definitive erythroid lineage cells during in vitro ES cell differentiation. Blood 92: 4108-4118, 1998. PubMed: 9834216
Suzuki A, Nakano T. Development of hematopoietic cells from embryonic stem cells. Int. J. Hematol. 73: 1-5, 2001. PubMed: 11372743
Eto K, et al. Megakaryocytes derived from embryonic stem cells implicate CalDAG-GEFI in integrin signaling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 12819-12824, 2002. PubMed: 12239348
Freshney RI. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique, 5th edition. New York: Wiley Liss; 2005. For more information on enzymatic dissociation and subculturing of cell lines see Chapter 13.
